How fishes try to avoid predators
نویسنده
چکیده
Fishes are delicious. At least herons, kingfishers, mergansers, and all marine birds seem to think so. Marine mammals seem to think so. Minks and bears seem to think so. The big fishes themselves concur. As a taxonomic group, fishes face one of the most diverse arrays of predators imaginable. Threat comes from below and from above, during the day and at night, and at almost all stages of life. Is it any wonder that most fishes – certainly all the small ones – are skittish creatures? When placed in a new environment, most wild fishes cower in nooks and crannies and don’t dare raise a fin. They don’t want to draw the attention of predators.
منابع مشابه
Effects of stocking-up freshwater food webs.
The establishment of exotic game fishes to enhance recreational fisheries through authorized and unauthorized stocking into freshwater systems is a global phenomenon. Stocked fishes are often top predators that either replace native top predators or increase the species richness of top predators. Many direct effects of stocking have been documented, but the ecosystem consequences are seldom qua...
متن کاملReducing Predation through Chemically Mediated Camouflage: Indirect Effects of Plant Defenses on Herbivores
Herbivores often specialize on particular hosts that provide both food and shelter from natural enemies. It is thus often unclear whether a plant’s value as a food or its value as a safe shelter has played a larger role in selecting for specialization. Decorator crabs offer a novel opportunity to investigate the relative effects of diet vs. natural enemies in selecting for specialization becaus...
متن کاملEffects of seasonality and fish movement on tropical river food webs
Tropical rivers and their associated floodplain habitats are dynamic habitat mosaics to which fishes are challenged to respond in an adaptive manner. Migratory fishes create linkages among food webs that are partitioned along a nested hierarchy of spatial scales. Such linkages are examined across a hierarchy of spatio-temporal scales, ranging from small streams to entire drainage basins, for ri...
متن کاملHUMAN IMPACTS. The unique ecology of human predators.
Paradigms of sustainable exploitation focus on population dynamics of prey and yields to humanity but ignore the behavior of humans as predators. We compared patterns of predation by contemporary hunters and fishers with those of other predators that compete over shared prey (terrestrial mammals and marine fishes). Our global survey (2125 estimates of annual finite exploitation rate) revealed t...
متن کاملMetamorphosing reef fishes avoid predator scent when choosing a home.
Most organisms possess anti-predator adaptations to reduce their risk of being consumed, but little is known of the adaptations prey employ during vulnerable life-history transitions when predation pressures can be extreme. We demonstrate the use of a transition-specific anti-predator adaptation by coral reef fishes as they metamorphose from pelagic larvae to benthic juveniles, when over half a...
متن کامل